How to Measure Sulfuric Acid Concentration ?

How to Measure Sulfuric Acid Concentration ?The on-line continuous measurement of sulphuric acid/oleum is based on the fact that a physical property will change as the concentration changes.  Properties such as conductivity, refractive index and sound velocity are typically used to measure sulphuric acid/oleum concentrations.  
The recommended methods of measurement over the whole range of sulphuric acid and oleum are given below.Electrical conductivity is a property of a fluid that can be used to determine its concentration.  The graph below shows the conductivity (micromhos) at 25ºC for several different fluids, including sulphuric acid from 0 to 100%wt.  The vertical axis ranges from 0 to 900,000 micromhos.For sulphuric acid, the conductivity varies such that for a given conductivity there could be more than one concentration.  This makes conductivity unsuitable for measurement over the full range of acid concentration (i.e. 0 to 100% H2SO4).  However, conductivity can be used where the concentration will vary over a small range and where the range will not cross over one of the peaks or valleys of the conductivity curve.Below shows the correlation between conductivity and concentration for four common solutions

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